Hong Kong War Crimes Trials Project
SELECTED Bibliography

This bibliography is not exhaustive.  One of the most comprehensive bibliographies has been compiled by Mr. Tony Banham. See Banham, T, Not the Slightest Chance: The Defence of Hong Kong, 1941 (Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong 2003).

1) Hong Kong During World War II

a) Books and Articles

Archer B, and Kent, F, ‘The Women of Stanley: Internment in Hong Kong 1942-1945’ (1996) 5 Women’s History Review 373.

Banham, T, Not the Slightest Chance: The Defence of Hong Kong, 1941 (Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong 2003).

Banham, T, The Sinking of the Lisbon Maru: Britain’s Forgotten War Time Tragedy (Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong 2006).

Barman, C, Resist to the End: Hong Kong, 1941-1945 (Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong 2009).

Chan, SJ, East River Column: Hong Kong Guerrillas in the Second World War and After (Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong 2010).

Emerson, GC,  Hong Kong internment, 1942 to 1945: life in the Japanese civilian camp at Stanley (Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong 2008).

Endacott, GB, Hong Kong Eclipse (Alan Birch (ed.), Oxford University Press, Hong Kong 1978).

Fairclough, GH, Brick Hill & Beyond: An Autobiography (Author, British Columbia 2006).

Fisher, L, I Will Remember: Recollections & Reflection on Hong Kong 1941 to 1945 – Interment & Freedom (Hobbs, Totton 1996).

Hewitt, A, Bridge With Three Men: Across China to the Western Heaven in 1942 (Cape, London 1986).

Gittins, J, Stanley: Behind Barbed Wire (Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong 1982).

Li, SF, Hong Kong Surgeon (E.P. Dutton & Company, New York 1964). 

Lindsay, O, The Battle for Hong Kong, 1941-1945: Hostage to Fortune (Tempus Publishing Ltd., United Kingdom 2005).

Lindsay, O, The Lasting Honour: The Fall of Hong Kong, 1941 (Hamish Hamilton Ltd., London 1978).

Roland, CG, ‘Massacre and Rape in Hong Kong: Two Case Studies Involving Medical Personnel and Patients’ (1997) 32 Journal of Contemporary History 43.

Skvorzov, A V,  Hong Kong Prisoner of War Camp Life (SCMP Book Publishing, Hong Kong 2005).

Snow, P, The Fall of Hong Kong: Britain, China and the Japanese Occupation (Yale University Press, New Haven 2003).

Ride, E, BAAG: Hong Kong Resistance, 1942-45 (Oxford University Press, Hong Kong, Melbourne 1981).

Roland, CG, Long Night’s Journey into Day: Prisoners of War in Hong Kong and Japan, 1941-45 (Wilfrid Laurier University Press, Ontario 2001).

Wright-Nooth, G, Prisoner of the Turnip Heads: The Fall of Hong Kong and the Imprisonment by the Japanese (Cassell, London 2000).

b) Media Reports

−−, ‘Brutality of Japanese at Hong Kong’ The Argus (Melbourne, 19 December 1946) 5 < http://newspapers.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/22394708> accessed 1 September 2010.

Luff, J, ‘The Hidden Years’, South China Morning Post (Hong Kong, 1967).

c) Audio and Visual Resources

−−, ‘The Attack on Hong Kong’ [Xianggang Gonglue Zhan] (Japan, 1942).

−−, ‘Evacuation of British and Commonwealth Prisoners of war From Hainan, And Admiral Fraser’s Visit to the New Territories (British Naval Operations in the Far East, Great Britain,  Naval Information Liaison Division, 1945).

−−, ‘Hong Kong Scenes After the Re-Occupation’ (British Naval Operations in the Far East, Great Britain, September 1945).

−−, ‘Royal Navy Makes Efforts to Restore Electric Power in Hong Kong’ (British Naval Operations in the Far East, Great Britain, September 1945).

−−, ‘Task Group 111.2 Enters Hong Kong’ (British Naval Operations in the Far East, Great Britain, 30 August 1945).

Nippon Eigasya, ‘Daitoa News No. 1’ (Japan, January 1942).

Radio Television Hong Kong, ‘The Fall of Hong Kong’ (‘The History of Hong Kong’ Television Series, Radio Television Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 13 January 2010).

Thomson, H (Cameraman), ‘Hong Kong Scenes After the Japanese Surrender’ (Naval Information Liaison Division ADM2536, Great Britain, September 1945).

Thomson, H (Cameraman), ‘Hong Kong Scenes After the Japanese Surrender’ (Naval Information Liaison Division ADM2537, Great Britain, September 1945).

Thomson, H (Cameraman), ‘Hong Kong Scenes After the Japanese Surrender’ (Naval Information Liaison Division ADM2538, Great Britain, September 1945).

Thomson, H (Cameraman), ‘Hong Kong Scenes After the Japanese Surrender’ (Naval Information Liaison Division ADM2539, Great Britain, September 1945).

Thomson, H (Cameraman), ‘Surrender Ceremony at Hong Kong (British Naval Operations in the Far East ADM1770, Great Britain, 13-16 September 1945).

Thomson, H (Cameraman), ‘Surrender Ceremony at Hong Kong (British Naval Operations in the Far East ADM1796, Great Britain, 13-16 September 1945).

d) Materials on the Internet

Banham, T, ‘Battle of Hong Kong Background and Battlefield Tour Points of Interest’ <http://www.hkvca.ca/historical/banham.htm> accessed 1 September 2010.

Cartwright, J, ‘The Defence of Hong Kong, Shing Mun Redoubt and the Gin Drinker’s Line’ <http://www.hksw.org/Shing%20Mun.htm> accessed 1 September 2010.

Darleen, K, ‘Heads Held High, The Battle of Hong Kong, 1941 and beyond’ <http://www.hkvca.ca/submissions/Heads%20Held%20High%20Final%20Essay.htm#_ednref97> accessed 1 September 2010.

Sgt_fgc, ‘Fall of Hong Kong and My Start of 4 Years as a Japanese Prisoner of War’ <http://www.bbc.co.uk/ww2peopleswar/stories/27/a2062027.shtml> accessed 1 September 2010.

e) Chinese Materials including Media Report in Chinese

香港里斯本丸協會(編) [Hong Kong Lisbon Maru Association (ed.)], 戰地軍魂 : 香港英軍服務團絶密戰記 [The BAAG Saga: A Wartime History of the Part played by Hong Kong Citizens in the Second World War] (画素社, Hong Kong 2009).

高添強 [Ko, TK], 唐卓敏 [Tong, CM], “淪陷初期的混亂與暴行” [Chaos and atrocities during the beginning of the occupation’], 關禮雄 [Guan, LZ] (編), 日佔時期的香港 [Hong Kong during the Japanese Occupation] (3rd ed. Joint Publishing (H.K.) Co., Ltd., Hong Kong 1997) 80-82.

高添強 [Ko, TK], 唐卓敏 [Tong, CM],, “殘暴統治” [‘The Tyranny’], 關禮雄 [Guan, LZ] (編), 日佔時期的香港 [Hong Kong during the Japanese Occupation] (3rd ed. Joint Publishing (H.K.) Co., Ltd., Hong Kong 1997) 100-104.

高添強 [Ko, TK], 唐卓敏 [Tong, CM],, “戰俘的處理” [‘Treatment of Prisoners of War’], 關禮雄 [Guan, LZ] (編), 日佔時期的香港 [Hong Kong during the Japanese Occupation]  (3rd ed. Joint Publishing (H.K.) Co., Ltd., Hong Kong 1997) 132-135.

葉德偉 [Yip, TW], “日治時期的香港” [‘Hong Kong under the Japanese Rule’], 葉德偉等 [Yip, TW et al.](編), 香港淪陷史 [The History of the Fall of Hong Kong](廣角鏡出版社, Hong Kong 1984) 117-130.

蔡榮芳 [Tsai, JF], 香港人之香港史 [The Hong Kong People’s History of Hong Kong]，(Oxford University Press (China), Hong Kong 2001).

蔡榮芳 [Tsai, JF], 香港人之香港史 [The Hong Kong People’s History of Hong Kong]，(Oxford University Press (China), Hong Kong 2001).

謝永光 [Tse, WK], “日據時期的香港治安” [Hong Kong’s Security During Japanese Occupation], 三年零八個月的苦難- 香港淪陷時期珍貴史料 [The Three Years and Eight Months of Tragedy – Valuable Historical Materials during the Fall of Hong Kong] (Ming Pao Publishing, Hong Kong 1994) 190-197.

關禮雄 [Guan, LZ], “覆巢之下” 日佔時期的香港 [Hong Kong during the Japanese Occupation] (3rd ed. Joint Publishing (H.K.) Co., Ltd., Hong Kong 1997) 44-57.

−−, ‘主使屠殺加兵，罪魁德永受審’ [‘The man behind the Massacre and Reinforcement Tokunaga under Trial’], 香港工商日報 (Hong Kong, 18 October 1946).

−−, ‘續審戰犯野間: 印人供述斬首酷刑，手起刀落不忍卒睹’ [‘Trial of War Criminal Noma Cont’d: Indian testified on capital punishment and torture’], 工商報 (Hong Kong, 8 January 1947).

−−, ‘續審野間羅旭和作供’ [‘Trial of Noma Cont’d: Kotewall testifies’],工商報 (Hong Kong, 8 January 1947).

−−, ‘續審戰犯野間: 陳女士述獄中慘況，不堪羞辱撞牆尋死’ [‘Trial of War Criminal Noma Cont’d: Ms. Chan testified about the misery in the prison, attempted suicide after serious humiliation], 工商報 (Hong Kong, 5 January 1947).

2) War Crimes Trials Of the Japanese in Hong Kong

a) Books and Articles

Cambon M.D., K, ‘Guest of Hirohito’ < http://www.fourthmarinesband.com/cambon.htm> accessed 1 September 2010.

Hirofumi, H, ‘British War Crimes Trials of Japanese’ (2001) 31 Nature-People-Society: Science and the Humanities of Kanto Gakuin University <http://www32.ocn.ne.jp/~modernh/eng08.htm> accessed 1 September 2010.

Miller, D, ‘A Very Reluctant Mass Murderer’ (1998) 143 RUSI Journal 53.

Piccigallo, PR, The Japanese on Trial, Allied War Crimes Operations in the East, 1945-1951 (University of Texas Press, Austin, London 1979).

Pritchard, J, ‘The Nature and Significance of British Post-War Trials of Japanese War Criminals, 1945-1948’, (1977) 2 Proceedings of the British Association for Japanese Studies.

Pritchard, J, ‘The Historical Experience of British War Crimes Courts in the Far East, 1946-1948’ (1978) VI International Relations 311.

Pritchard, J, ‘Lessons from British Proceedings against Japanese War Criminals’ (1978) III The Human Rights Review.

Vine, P, ‘Experiences as a War Crimes Prosecutor in Hong Kong’ (1995) 35 Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 205.

Snow, P, The Fall of Hong Kong: Britain, China and the Japanese Occupation (Yale University Press, New Haven 2003).

b) Media Reports (In Chronological Order)

−−, ‘Five soldiers land in secret on way for trial in UK’ Canberra Times (ACT, 29 October 1945)  <http://newspapers.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/2649634> accessed 1 September 2010.

−−, ‘Trial of Noma: Eurasian Rations Organiser in Box – Harsh Treatment at Police Station – Beaten & Tortured’ South China Morning Post (Hong Kong 5 January 1947).

−−, ‘Tokunaga Continues His Story’ The China Mail (Hong Kong, 7 January 1947).

−−, ‘Woman's Evidence at Noma Trial’ The China Mail (Hong Kong, 7 January 1947).

−−, ‘Execution at Stanley: Grim Tale Told by Ex-POW At Trial of Colonel Noma: Indian Branded on Forehead’ South China Morning Post (Hong Kong, 8 January 1947).

−−, ‘Sir Robert Kotewall’s Evidence at Trial of Noma: Was Instructed by British Officials To Co-Operate’ South China Morning Post (Hong Kong, 12 January 1947).

−−, ‘First War Crimes Trial: Prosecutor’s Charges of Reign of Terror on Lantau Island’ South China Morning Post (Hong Kong, 28 March 1947).

−−, ‘Japanese War Crimes Trial Continued: Three Identified As having Taken part in Beheading Villages’ South China Morning Post (Hong Kong, 29 March 1947).

−−, ‘Accused In Witness Box: Japanese Commander Cross-Examined on His Rights to Behead People’ South China Morning Post (Hong Kong, 11 April 1947).

−−, ‘Three Japanese to Hang’ South China Morning Post (Hong Kong 26 April 1947).

−−, ‘Jap Major sentenced to Death by Hanging’ The Mercury (Tasmania, 17 November 1947) <http://newspapers.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/26435514> accessed 1 September 2010.

−−, ‘Japanese Punished for War Crimes’ The Mercury (Tasmania, 18 December 1947) <http://newspapers.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/26441404> accessed 1 September 2010.

−−, ‘Jap Admiral Hanged at Hong Kong’ The Mercury (Tasmania, 17 March 1948) <http://newspapers.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/26452668> accessed 1 September 2010.

−−, ‘Exchange Strikes, Scratch Staff Carries On’ The Sydney Morning Herald (New South Wales, 2 April 1948) <http://newspapers.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/18066364> accessed 1 September 2010.

−−, ‘Jap. Admiral to Hang for Massacre’ The Sydney Morning Herald (New South Wales, 18 December 1948) <http://newspapers.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/27892873> accessed 1 September 2010.

* Note: The South China Morning Post maintains an archives of its publications. It covered the trials held in Hong Kong very closely.
The Hong Kong Public Libraries has a Multimedia Information System, which allows access to some relevant old media reports: see http://hkclweb.hkpl.gov.hk/hkclr2/internet/eng/html/frm-bas_srch.html.

3) WAR CRIMES TRIALS GENERALLY

a) Cases and Judgements

Röling, BVA, and Rüter, CF (eds), The Tokyo Judgment: The International Military Tribunal for the Far East (I.M.T.F.E.), 29 April 1946-12 November 1948 (University Press Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1977).

Pritchard, J (ed), The Tokyo Major War Crimes Trial: the Records of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East: with an Authoritative Commentary and Comprehensive Guide (The Edwin Mellen Press, New York, Wales 1998).

United Nations War Crimes Commission, Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals (H.M.S.O., London 1947-1949).

Trial of the Major War Criminals before the International Military Tribunal, Nuremberg, 14 November 1945-1 October 1946 (William S. Hein, Buffalo 1995).

Trials of War Criminals before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law No.10 (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 1949).

b) Books and Articles

Bloxham, D, ‘British War Crimes Trial Policy in Germany, 1945-1957: Implementation and Collapse’ (2003) 42 Journal of British Studies 91. 

Brackman, A, The Other Nuremburg: The Untold Story of the Tokyo War Crimes Trials (Morrow, New York 1987).

Levie, HS, The Code of International Armed Conflict (Oceana Publications, New York 1986).

Lauterpacht, H (ed), Oppenheim’s International Law: A Treatise (8th ed. Longmans, London 1962).

Pritchard, J, ‘British Postwar War Crimes Courts: The Gift of Clemency following British War Crimes Trials in the Far East, 1946-1948’ (1996) 7 Criminal Law Forum 15.

Rogers APV, ‘War Crimes Trials under the Royal Warrant: British Practice 1945-1949” (1990) 39 International and Comparative Law Quarterly 780.

Röling, BVA, and Cassese, A, The Tokyo Trial and Beyond: Reflections of a Peacemonger (Polity Press, United Kingdom 1993).

Schwarzenberge, G, International Law as applied by International Courts and Tribunals (3rd ed. Stevens, London 1968).

Simma, B, ‘The Impact of Nuremberg and Tokyo: Attempts at a Comparison’ in Nisuke Ando (ed), Japan and International Law, Past Present and Future: International Symposium to Mark the Centennial of the Japanese Association of International Law (Kluwer Law International, The Hague, 1999).

Taylor, T, Final Report to the Secretary of the Army on the Nuernberg War Crimes Trials under Control Council Law No. 1 (Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1949).

Totani, Y, The Tokyo War Crimes Trial: The Pursuit of Justice in the Wake of World War II (Harvard University Asia Centre, Harvard 2008).

Tusa, A, and Tusa, J, The Nuremburg Trial (Macmillan, London 1984).

Woetzel, RK, The Nuremberg Trials in International Law: with a Postlude on the Eichmann case (2nd ed. Stevens, London, Praeger, New York 1962).

c) Materials on the Internet

Sissons, DCS, ‘The Australian War Crime Trials and Investigations, 1942-1951’ < http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~changmin/documents/Sissons%20Final%20War%20Crimes%20Text%2018-3-06.pdf> accessed 1 September 2010.

4) The Second World War In Asia (Relevant to the Hong Kong War Crimes Trials Project)

a) Books and Articles

Aldrich, RJ, The Faraway War: Personal Diaries of the Second World War in Asia and the Pacific (Doubleday, London 2005).

Bradley, J, The Second World War: Asia and the Pacific (Thomas E. Gress (ed.), Department of History, United States Military Academy, New York 1984).

Briggs, A, From Peking to Perth (Artlook, Perth 1984).

Collins, R, ‘A Man Sent from God’ <http://pawsey.net/Family/ManSentFromGod.htm> accessed 1 September 2010.

Dockrill, S (ed.), From Pearl Harbor to Hiroshima: The Second World War in Asia and the Pacific (Macmillan, Basingstoke 1994).

Donnison, FSV, British Military Administration in the Far East 1943-46 (HMSO, London 1956).

Edwards, J and Walter, J, Banzai, You Bastards! (Souvenir, Unknown 1991)

Gruhl, W, “The Great Asian-Pacific Crescent of Pain: Japan’s War from Manchuria to Hiroshima”, Li P. (ed.), The search for Justice (Transaction Publishers, New Jersey, 2003) 243-258.

Hoare, M, ‘Taiwan’s Darker Past: Emerging Histories of the World War II Prisoner of War Camps’ (European Association for Taiwan Studies, Paris 2006) <http://www.soas.ac.uk/taiwanstudies/eats/eats2006/file46415.pdf> accessed 1 September 2010.

Horne G, Race War: White Supremacy and the Japanese Attack on the British Empire (New York University Press, New York 2004) (See especially pp. 132, 297-298, 308).

Hurst, M. and Taiwan POW Camps Memorial Society, ‘Taiwan’s POW Camps’ (Peace Papers No. 10, John Paul II Peace Institute of the Fujen University, Taiwan 2004) <peace.ls.fju.edu.tw/paper/en/010.pdf> accessed 1 September 2010.

Iriye, A, The Origins of the Second World War in Asia and the Pacific (Longman, London 1987).

Kitchen, M, A World in Flames: A Short History of the Second World War In Europe and Asia 1939-1945 (Longman, London 1990).

Newell WH, Japan in Asia, 1942-1945 (National University of Singapore Press, Singapore 1981).

Smith, M, ‘A Dark Piece of WWII History in Taiwan’, Asia Times (21 November 2002) <http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/DK21Ad04.html> accessed 1 September 2010.

Tett, David, A Postal History of the Prisoners of War and Civilian Internees in East Asia During the Second World War. Vol. 4: Hong Kong and China 1941-1945: Captives in Cathay (BFA Publishing, Herts 2007).

Thurman, MJ & Sherman, CA, War Crimes: Japan’s World War II Atrocities (Turner, Paducah 2001).

Urquhart, A, The Forgotten Highlander: My Incredible Story of Surviving in the Far East (Little Brown, London 2010).

b) Materials on the Internet

Dubé, T, ‘George B. Puddicombe Fonds MG 30, E 567: Finding Aid No. 2040 (Canadian Archives Branch, National Archives of Canada, 2002) <http://data2.archives.ca/pdf/pdf001/p000000856.pdf>  accessed 1 September 2010.

Duncan, G, ‘Massacres and Atrocities of World War II’ <http://members.iinet.net.au/~gduncan/massacres_pacific.html> accessed 1 September 2010.

Quaggin, A, ‘Prisoner and Doctor: Practice in a POW Camp’ (1982) 28 Can. Fam. Physician 1431 <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2306487/pdf/canfamphys00246-0093.pdf> accessed 1 September 2010.

5) Materials in languages other than English And Chinese

a) Japanese [Informal Translation]

Iwakawa Takashi. 1995. The Island with Soil - The Trials of Classes B and C War Criminals. Tokyo: 講讀社, pp.225-240.

Sugamohomuiinkaihen (Sugamo Law Commission). 1986. The Truth of War Criminals' Trials. 2nd ed. Tokyo: 槙書房, pp.521-556, pp.601-617.

Chaen Yoshio. 1991. Australian Military Court Documents and Information on Classes B and C War Criminals. Tokyo: 不二出版株式會社, pp.43-51, pp.90-105

Chaen Yoshio. 1989. Information on British Military Trials of Classes B and C War Criminals (Volume 2). Tokyo: 不二出版株式會社, pp.137-154.

Chaen Yoshio & Shigematsu Kazuyoshi. 1987. Supplement to The Truth of War Criminals' Trials. Tokyo: 不二出版株式會社, pp.145-147.

6) Archives

a) The Nationals Archives, Kew, United Kingdom

Allied Land Force South East Asia, “War Crimes Instruction No. 1 (2nd Edition)” (WO 203/6092) in, War Office: South East Asia Command: Military Headquarters Papers, Second World War (WO 203) (Allied Land Force South East Asia, May 1946).

Judge Advocate General Office, War Crimes Case Files, Second World War (WO 235) (Lord Chancellor’s Office , Office of the Judge Advocate of the Force 1948-1972; War Office, Office of the Judge Advocate of the Force, 1935-1948).

War Office: General Headquarter, Allied Land Forces, (South East Asia) War Crimes Group, Investigation Files (WO 325) (Lord Chancellor’s Office , Office of the Judge Advocate of the Force 1948-1972; War Office, Office of the Judge Advocate of the Force, 1935-1948).

b) Hong Kong Public Records Office

−−, “Appointment of judges and authorized advocates” (Hong Kong Public Records Office, HKRS 170-1-29).

−−, “Australian War Crimes Court at Ma Tau Chung Camp no.2” (Hong Kong Public Records Office, HKRS 156-1-1226).

−−, “Collaboration with enemy” (Hong Kong Public Records Office, HKRS 169-2-266).

−−,  “Execution of War Criminals and Prisoners convicted of High Treason” (Hong Kong Public Records Office, HKRS 1-181-45).

−−, “Japanese War Criminals”  (Hong Kong Public Records Office, HKRS 41-1-1355).

−−, “Japanese War Criminals: Remissions of sentence” (Hong Kong Public Records Office, HKRS 3-2742-50).

−−, “On question of legal position re hanging and detention and legislation to provide for detention after conclusion of peace treaty” (Hong Kong Public Records Office, HKRS 3-2331-46).

−−, “Renegades and Quislings: Papers re Indians whose presence in Hong Kong is required for trials” (Hong Kong Public Records Office, HKRS 1-2631-46).

−−, “Subsistence and repatriation of war criminals” (Hong Kong Public Records Office, HKRS 163-1-231; HKRS 27-3586-46).

−−, “War Crimes: Confidential papers re. Government servants attending as witness” (Hong Kong Public Record Office, HKRS 163-1-564).